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European ASP.NET 4 Hosting - Amsterdam :: How to Fix ValidateRequest="false" in ASP.NET 4

clock September 27, 2012 06:03 by author Scott

If you are someone like me who have recently upgrade to ASP.NET 4.0, you may have come across Yellow Screen of Death with Http Request Validation Exception, something like:

“A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client”

Exception Details
: System.Web.HttpRequestValidationException: A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client

Surprisingly, you will still see this exception even if you have set ValidateRequest to false in either the Page Tag or Web.Config.


ValidateRequest="false" or  <pages validateRequest="false" />


This may end you being freak out identifying the problem.


The solution is perhaps very simple. I would recommend to go and read
ASP.NET 4 Breaking Changes.

“In ASP.NET 4, by default, request validation is enabled for all requests, because it is enabled before the BeginRequest phase of an HTTP request. As a result, request validation applies to requests for all ASP.NET resources, not just .aspx page requests. This includes requests such as Web service calls and custom HTTP handlers. Request validation is also active when custom HTTP modules are reading the contents of an HTTP request.and therefore request validation errors might now occur for requests that previously did not trigger errors.”


In order to revert to the behavior we had previously, you need to add the following setting in Web.config file:


<httpRuntime requestValidationMode="2.0"/>


And this should work!


Hope this helps!

 



European Visual Studio 2012 Hosting - Amsterdam :: What is New in Visual Studio 2012 RC

clock September 18, 2012 09:13 by author Scott

Let's start with the new functionalities introduced in Visual Studio 2012 RC.

Recent Project List


Though this was available in earlier versions of Visual Studio, the option to remove a project from the list is now not available; you can remove unwanted projects from the "Recent" list by selecting the "Remove From List" option. (Right-click on the project you want to remove from the list then select "Remove From List".)


You can even see the latest Visual Studio GUI in the following screen shot:


Visual Studio Dark Theme

I have seen so many developers that don't like the default Visual Studio GUI color and they prefer to code using a dark background. Most of them go to Tools-> Options and change the default color and fonts.

But now you can do this by just changing the Visual Experience. Select Tools -> Options then click on "General" from the "Environment" section. You have the option to select "Dark" or "Light". This is really cool stuff. You can even download themes online.






Visual Studio Installation Engine Improvement

The Visual Studio 2012 installation has become very user-friendly compared to previous versions of Visual Studio. You can save almost 25% of installation time and save about 2.5 GB of space. There is significant improvement in the installation engine.


Other Features

Metro Style Application Development

This is the greatest feature and only available for the Window 8 operating system. To develop a Metro style application, you need to download and install the Windows 8 Release Preview Evaluation copy which is freely available on the Microsoft site. Once you install the Window 8 Release Preview, install Visual Studio 2012 RC.


Select File -> New -> Project which will open the "New Project" window. Select Visual C# or Visual Basic from the Template (my favorite is Visual C#) and go to "Windows Metro style".


Here you have the options to select the kind of Metro style application you want to develop.


(Note: Metro style applications are only available for .Net Framework 4.0 and .Net Framework 4.5.)


 



Europe ASP.NET 4.5 Hosting - Amsterdam :: Using Model Binding in ASP.NET Data Controls

clock September 6, 2012 09:12 by author Scott

Introduction

ASP.NET Web Forms became popular due to the wide range of data bound controls such as GridView, DetailsView and ListView. The earlier versions of ASP.NET, however, were a bit rigid about how data was bound to these controls. Most of the time developers had to use one or the other data source control (SQL Data Source, Object Data Source, Entity Data Source etc.) to bind data from the underlying data store with the data bound controls. ASP.NET 4.5 provides a flexible alternative to data bind these controls - model binding. Using the new model binding features you can use methods instead of data source controls to perform CRUD operations. This article explains how the new model binding features can be used. You will also learn to use strongly typed data controls.

Data Binding in ASP.NET Server Controls

In the earlier versions of ASP.NET you used data bound controls and data source controls hand in hand to display and edit data. First, you needed to configure a data source control, such as Object Data Source or Entity Data Source and then set the DataSourceID property of a data bound control to the respective data source control. The data bound control would have one or more fields of some inbuilt type (BoundField for example) or template fields. If the control was using template fields you used Eval() data binding expression for one way data binding and Bind() data binding expression for two way data binding.

The following sample markup shows a GridView control bound with an Entity Data Source.

<asp:EntityDataSource ID="EntityDataSource1" runat="server"
    ConnectionString="name=NorthwindEntities"
    DefaultContainerName="NorthwindEntities" EnableFlattening="False"
    EntitySetName="Customers"
    Select="it.[CustomerID], it.[CompanyName], it.[ContactName], it.[Country]">
</asp:EntityDataSource>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView2" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
    DataKeyNames="CustomerID" DataSourceID="EntityDataSource1">
    <Columns>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="CustomerID" HeaderText="CustomerID" ReadOnly="True"
            SortExpression="CustomerID" />
        <asp:BoundField DataField="CompanyName" HeaderText="CompanyName"
            ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="CompanyName" />
        <asp:BoundField DataField="ContactName" HeaderText="ContactName"
            ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="ContactName" />
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" SortExpression="Country">
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country") %>'></asp:Label>
            </EditItemTemplate>
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("Country") %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>


Notice how the DataSourceID property of the GridView is set to EntityDataSource1. Also, notice the use of Eval() and Bind() to bind the Country column.


Though data source controls work well in simple situations, developers often need complete control on how the data is fetched and how it is saved back to the database. This calls for a more code centered approach than the control driven approach. That is where the new model binding features come into the picture. Using model binding features you can write methods in your code behind class that perform the CRUD operations on the underlying data store. This way you have total control over the process of fetching and editing the data. Have a look at the following markup that uses the new model binding features:

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"
SelectMethod="GetCustomers"
dateMethod="UpdateCustomer"
DeleteMethod="DeleteCustomer"
... >


This time the GridView control doesn't use a data source control. The SelectMethod, UpdateMethod and DeleteMethod properties are set to method names GetCustomers, UpdateCustomers and DeleteCustomers respectively. These methods reside in the code behind. You will develop a complete version of this example in the following sections.

In addition to the code centered data binding, you can also use data within the controls in strongly typed manner. This is especially handy for template fields. Instead of using Eval() and Bind() data binding expressions, you can now use Item and BindItem properties respectively. These properties work along with the ItemType property. The use of these properties will be clear from the following markup.

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"
SelectMethod="GetCustomers"
UpdateMethod="UpdateCustomer"
DeleteMethod="DeleteCustomer"
ItemType="NorthwindModel.Customer"
... >
<Columns>
...
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" SortExpression="Country">
  <ItemTemplate>
   <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text='<%# Item.Country %>'></asp:Label>
  </ItemTemplate
  <EditItemTemplate>
   <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" Text='<%# BindItem.Country %>' runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
  </EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
...


Notice the code marked in bold letters. The ItemType property is set to an Entity Framework Data Model type - Customer. Once you do so, you can access properties of Customer class in a strongly typed fashion. Instead of Eval("Country") you now use Item.Country and instead of Bind("Country") you use BindItem.Country. This way there can't be any errors while specifying column names because they are available to you in the intellisense in strongly typed manner.


Creating a Sample Website

Now that you understand the basics of model binding and strongly typed data binding, let's create a web form that illustrates the complete process in detail. You will be using Customers table from the Northwind database in this example. Begin by creating a new ASP.NET Web Site. Then add an Entity Framework Data Model to its App_Code folder and create model class for the Customers table. The following figure shows the Customers model class in the Visual Studio designer




Open the default web form and place a GridView control on it. Configure the GridView to show CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName and Country columns. Also add Edit and Delete command buttons. The following markup shows the GridView after adding these columns:


<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"

SelectMethod="GetCustomers"

UpdateMethod="UpdateCustomer"

DeleteMethod="DeleteCustomer"

ItemType="NorthwindModel.Customer"

AllowSorting="True"

AllowPaging="True"

DataKeyNames="CustomerID" ...>

    <Columns>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="CustomerID" HeaderText="Customer ID" ReadOnly="True"
            SortExpression="CustomerID"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Company Name" SortExpression="CompanyName">
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox2" Text='<%# BindItem.CompanyName %>' runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
            </EditItemTemplate>
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text='<%# Item.CompanyName %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:BoundField DataField="ContactName" HeaderText="Contact Name"
            SortExpression="ContactName"></asp:BoundField>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" SortExpression="Country">
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox3" runat="server" Text='<%# BindItem.Country %>'></asp:TextBox>
            </EditItemTemplate>
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="Label3" runat="server" Text='<%# Item.Country %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:CommandField ShowEditButton="True" ButtonType="Button">
        <ControlStyle Width="75px" />
        </asp:CommandField>
        <asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="True" ButtonType="Button">
        <ControlStyle Width="75px" />
        </asp:CommandField>
    </Columns>
...

</asp:GridView>


The following figure shows the GridView at runtime:




Notice that the ItemType property of the GridView is set to NorthwindModel.Customer and its SelectMethod, UpdateMethod and DeleteMethod properties are set to GetCustomers, UpdateCustomer and DeleteCustomer respectively. You will be creating these methods in the following sections.


Selecting Data

In order to display data in the GridView you need to write a method that fetches data from the data store and then specify it in the SelectMethod property of GridView. So, switch to the code behind and add a method named GetCustomers() as shown below:


public IQueryable<Customer> GetCustomers()
{
    NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();
    var data = from item in db.Customers
                orderby item.CustomerID
                select item;
    return data;
}


The GetCustomers() method returns an IQueryable collection of Customer objects. Inside it fetches all of the records from the Customers table and returns them to the caller. Note that we have enabled paging in our GridView. When you enable paging for a GridView, behind the scenes it fetches only the required number of records as specified by the PageSize property.

Updating and Deleting Data

The methods UpdateCustomer() and DeleteCustomer() do the job of updating and deleting a Customer respectively. The UpdateCustomer() method is shown next:


public void UpdateCustomer(Customer c)

{
    NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();
    var data = from item in db.Customers
                where item.CustomerID == c.CustomerID
                select item;

    Customer obj = data.SingleOrDefault();
    obj.CompanyName = c.CompanyName;
    obj.ContactName = c.ContactName;
    obj.Country = c.Country;
    db.SaveChanges();
}


The UpdateCustomer() method accepts a parameter of type Customer. At runtime, when you modify a GridView row and click the Update button, UpdateCustomer() method will be called and the corresponding Customer object is passed as its parameter. Inside, you find out a specific Customer based on its CustomerID, assign the modified values and then save the changes to the database by calling the SaveChanges() method.

The DeleteCustomer() method follows a similar method signature but internally deletes a Customer. The following code shows the DeleteCustomer() method:

public void DeleteCustomer(Customer c)
{
    NorthwindEntities db=new NorthwindEntities();
    var data = from item in db.Customers
                where item.CustomerID == c.CustomerID
                select item;
    Customer obj = data.SingleOrDefault();
    db.DeleteObject(obj);
    db.SaveChanges();
}


The DeleteCustomer() method receives the Customer being deleted as a parameter. Inside it fetches a Customer matching the CustomerID and deletes it using the DeleteObject() method.

Now, run the web form and try editing and deleting a few Customer records.

Adding Validation Support

Though the GridView is able to modify Customer data, there are no validations on the data being saved. One way to enforce the validations is to use a combination of template fields and validation controls. However, there is an easy alternative - Data Annotations.

Data Annotations are special attributes that you apply on the data model properties. They specify validation criteria such as maximum length, minimum length and specific data format (Email address, URL etc.).

To use Data Annotations add a new class in the App_Code folder and name it as CustomerValidations. The CustomerValidations class will store only validation information for the Customer class. You could have added the data annotation attributes directly to the Customer data model class but to avoid accidental overwriting during model recreation it is recommended to isolate them in a separate class.

public class CustomerValidations
{
    [StringLength(5,MinimumLength=3 ,ErrorMessage="CustomerID must between 3-5 characters!")]
    public string CustomerID { get; set; }

    [StringLength(20, ErrorMessage = "Company Name must be upto 20 characters!")]
    public string CompanyName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public string ContactName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [StringLength(15,ErrorMessage="Invalid country length!")]
    public string Country { get; set; }
}


The CustomerValidations class makes use of data annotation attributes such as [StringLength] and [Required]. The former attribute ensures that the entered data is within a specified maximum length. The later attribute enforces that the property value must be provided. You can also use many other data annotation attributes depending on your requirement.

As of now the CustomerValidations class is a stand alone class. You need to associate it with the Customer data model class using the [MetadataType] attribute. To do so, open the Entity Framework Data Model file (Model.Designer.cs) and add the following piece of code:

[MetadataType(typeof(CustomerValidations))]
public partial class Customer : EntityObject
{
...
}


The [MetadataType] attribute specifies the type of the class that contains validation information (CustomerValidations in this case).

Now, open the web form and place a ValidationSummary control below the GridView. Set its ShowModelStateErrors property to true. The ShowModelStateErrors property controls whether data model validation errors should be displayed in the ValidationSummary or not.

<asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" runat="server"
ShowModelStateErrors="true" ... />


In addition to displaying validation errors to the end user, you should also ensure that the changed Customer details are saved in the database only if model validations are successful. To do so, modify the UpdateCustomer() method as shown below:

public void UpdateCustomer(Customer c)

{

    NorthwindEntities db = new NorthwindEntities();
    var data = from item in db.Customers
                where item.CustomerID == c.CustomerID
                select item;
    Customer obj = data.SingleOrDefault();
    obj.CompanyName = c.CompanyName;
    ...
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        db.SaveChanges();
    }
}


Notice the code marked in bold letters. The UpdateCustomer() method now checks the state of the model using the ModelState.IsValid property. If all the model validations are successful, the IsValid property will return true and only then will changes be saved to the database.


Now, run the web form again and try to enter some invalid data. You should see validation errors similar to the following figure:




Summary


ASP.NET 4.5 supports model binding that allows a more code centric approach for performing CRUD operations on the data. Instead of using Data Source Controls, you can now write methods in the code behind file that select, insert, update and delete data from the underlying data store. The SelectMethod, InsertMethod, UpdateMethod and DeleteMethod properties of data bound controls are used to specify the respective method. You can also make use of Data Annotations for performing validations on the data being entered. Thus the new model binding features provide a more flexible and powerful approach to data binding.



European ASP.NET 4.5 Hosting - Amsterdam :: Working with Asynchronous Operations in ASP.NET 4.5 Web Forms

clock September 4, 2012 06:52 by author Scott

Introduction

Asynchronously running code can improve the overall performance and responsiveness of your web application. In ASP.NET 4.5 web forms applications you can register asynchronous methods with the page framework. The ASP.NET page framework and .NET 4.5 asynchronous programming support then executes the operations in asynchronous fashion. This article shows how this can be done.

Example Scenario

Consider that you have a web application that needs to call two ASP.NET Web API services namely Customer and Product. These services return Customer and Product data from the Northwind database respectively. Now, assume that each of these services take 5 seconds to complete the data retrieval operation. If you use synchronous mode for calling these services then the total time taken will be 10 seconds. Because the execution will happen sequentially - first Customer service will complete and then Product service will complete.

On the other hand if you invoke these services in asynchronous fashion, the service operations won't block the caller thread. The Customer service will be invoked and control will be immediately returned to the caller. The caller thread will then proceed to invoke the Product service. So, two operations will be invoked in parallel. In this case the total time taken for completing both of the operations will be the time taken by the longest of the operations (5 seconds in this case).

Async, Await, Task and RegisterAsyncTask

Before developing web forms applications that execute asynchronous operations you need to understand a few basic terms involved in the process.

A task is an operation that is to be executed in asynchronous fashion. Such an operation is programmatically represented by the Task class from System.Threading.Tasks namespace.

When an asynchronous operation begins, the caller thread can continue its work further. However, the caller thread must wait at some point of time for the asynchronous operation to complete. The await keyword invokes an asynchronous operation and waits for it to complete.

The async modifier is applied to a method that is to be invoked asynchronously. Such an asynchronous method typically returns a Task object and has at least one await call inside it.

Just to understand how async, await and task are used at code level, consider the following piece of code:

public async Task<MyObject> MyMethodAsync()
{
  MyObject data = await service.GetDataAsync();
  //other operations on data go here
  return data;
}

Here, method MyMethodAsync() is marked with async modifier. By convention, asynchronous method names end with "Async". The MyMethodAsync() returns MyObject wrapped inside a Task instance. Inside the method a remote service is invoked using GetDataAsync(). Since MyMethodAsync() needs to return data retrieved from the service, the await keyword is used to wait till the GetDataAsync() method returns. Once GetDataAsync() returns the execution is resumed and further code is executed. The data is finally returned to the caller.

NOTE:
For a detailed understanding of async, await and Task refer to MSDN dicumentation. Here, these terms are discussed only for giving a basic understanding of the respective keywords.

ASP.NET page framework provides a method - RegisterAsyncTask() - that registers an asynchronous task with the page framework. Tasks registered using the RegisterAsyncTask() method are invoked immediately after the PreRender event. The RegisterAsyncTask() method takes a parameter of type PageAsyncTask. The PageAsyncTask object wraps the information about an asynchronous task registered with a page. The following piece of code shows how they are used:

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   PageAsyncTask task = new PageAsyncTask(MyMethod);
   RegisterAsyncTask(task);
}


Asynchronous Solution


Now that you are familiar with the basic concepts involved in utilizing asynchronous operations in a web forms application, let's create a sample application that puts this knowledge to use.


Begin by creating two projects - an empty web forms application and an ASP.NET MVC4 Web API application.


Add an Entity Framework Data Model for the Customers and Products tables of the Northwind database. Place the EF data model inside the Models folder.




Add an Entity Framework Data Model for the Customers and Products tables


Add two ApiController classes to the Web API project and name them as CustomerController and ProductController.




Add two ApiController classes


Then add Get() methods to both the ApiController classes as shown below:


public class CustomerController : ApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<Customer> Get()
    {
        Northwind db = new Northwind();
        var data = from item in db.Customers
                    select item;
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
        return data;
    }

}
public class ProductController : ApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<Product> Get()
    {
        Northwind db = new Northwind();
        var data = from item in db.Products
                    select item;
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
        return data;
    }

}


The Get() method of the CustomerController class selects all the Customer records from the Customers table whereas the Get() method of the ProductController class selects all the Product records. For the sake of testing, a delay of 5 seconds is introduced in each Get() method. The Get() methods return an IEnumerable collection of Customer and Product objects respectively.


Now, go to the web forms project and open the code behind file of the default web form. Here, you will write a couple of private methods that invoke the Web API developed previously. These methods are shown below:

public async Task<List<Customer>> InvokeCustomerService()
{
    using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    {
        HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost
        string json= (await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
        List<Customer> data = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Customer>>(json
        return data;
    }
}

public async Task<List<Product>> InvokeProductService()
{
    using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    {
        HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost
        string json = (await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
        List<Product> data = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Product>>(json
        return data;
    }
}

The InvokeCustomerService() method invokes the Customer Web API whereas InvokeProductService() method invokes Product Web API. Both the methods essentially use an HttpClient to get data from the respective Web API. Notice that both the methods have async modifier and return a Task instance that wraps the actual return type (List<Customer> and List<Product> respectively). The GetAsync() method of the HttpClient object is an asynchronous method. Call to the GetAsync() is marked using the await keyword so that further statements are executed only when GetAsync() returns. The GetAsync() method accepts a URL of the respective Web API. Make sure to change the port number as per your development setup. The GetAsync() method returns an HttpResponseMessage object. The actual data is then retrieved using ReadAsStringAsync() method of the Content property. The ReadAsStringAsync() will return data as a JSON string. This JSON data is converted into a .NET generic List using DeserializeObject() method of the JsonConvert class. The JsonConvert class comes from the Json.NET open source componenet. You can download Json.NET here.

The InvokeCustomerService() and InvokeProductService() methods are called inside another private method GetDataFromServicesAsync() as shown below:

private async Task GetDataFromServicesAsync()
{
    Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
    stopWatch.Start();

    var task1 = InvokeCustomerService();
    var task2 = InvokeProductService();

    await Task.WhenAll(task1, task2);

    List<Customer> data1 = task1.Result;
    List<Product> data2 = task2.Result;

    stopWatch.Stop();
    Label2.Text = string.Format("<h2>Retrieved {0} customers and {1} products
                                 data1.Count, data2.Count, stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds
}


As shown above, GetDataFromServicesAsync() is also marked as async and returns a Task instance. Inside, a StopWatch class from System.Diagnostics namespace is used to find the time taken by both of the operations to complete. InvokeCustomerService() and InvokeProductService() methods are then called. The returned Task instance is stored in task1 and task2 variables respectively. The WhenAll() method of Task class creates another Task that completes when all the specified tasks are complete. In this case it creates a Task that completes after complition of task1 and task2. Actual data returned by the respective Web API is retrieved using the Result property of the respective Task objects. The time taken to complete the operation is measured by the StopWatch and is displayed in a Label.

The next step is to register GetDataFromServicesAsync() with the page framework. This is done using the RegisterAsyncTask() method as shown below:


protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    RegisterAsyncTask(new PageAsyncTask(GetDataFromServicesAsync));
}


As you can see, Page_Load event handler registers an asynchronous task using RegisterAsyncTask() method. The RegisterAsyncTask() method accepts an instance of PageAsyncTask. The PageAsyncTask instance in turn wraps the GetDataFromServicesAsync() method created earlier.


The final step is to set Async attribute of the @Page directive to true:


<%@
Page Async="true" Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs" ... %>

The Aync attribute of the @Page directive indicates that this web form will be executed in asynchronous fashion. Web forms that use RegisterAsyncTask() method must set the Async attribute to true, otherwise an exception is raised at runtime.

This completes the application and you can test it by running the web forms application. The following figure shows a sample run of the web form:




A sample run of the web form


Though the code doesn't show the synchronous execution of the Web API operations, for the sake of better understanding the above figure shows time taken for synchronous as well as asynchronous execution. Recollect that both the Get() methods sleep for 5 seconds and hence the synchronous execution takes approximately 10 seconds. However, the asynchronous execution takes approximately 5 seconds. As you can see the asynchronous operation improves the overall performance of the application.


Summary

Using async and await keywords you can create operations that run asynchronously. Such asynchronous tasks can be registered with the page framework using RegisterAsyncTask() method. Registered tasks run immediately after the PreRender event of the web form. Asynchronous operations can improve the overall performance and user responsiveness of a web application.



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